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Channel Fading Models
Goldsmith — AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician Fading Channels
Channel Model
AWGN (no fading)
Rayleigh
Rician
Parameters
K-factor (dB) — Rician
6
Max Doppler f
d
(Hz)
10
Duration (s)
2
SNR (dB)
20
Regenerate Channel
Rayleigh:
No LOS. Envelope ~ Rayleigh distribution. Deep fades common.
Rician:
LOS + scattered. K = P
LOS
/P
scatter
.
K→∞: AWGN. K→0: Rayleigh.
Doppler spread
f
d
= v·f
c
/c
Coherence time T
c
≈
1/(4f
d
)