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BER Curves

Proakis & Salehi — Theoretical and Monte Carlo BER vs Eb/N0

Modulation Schemes

Channel

Monte Carlo Simulation

Operating Point

BER Formulas (AWGN)
BPSK/QPSK: Q(√(2Eb/N0))
M-QAM: ≈ 4/log2M · Q(√(3log2M/(M-1) · 2Eb/N0))

Rayleigh: BER degrades significantly. At high SNR, BER ~ 1/(4Eb/N0) for BPSK — inverse linear instead of exponential.